Laboratory Services

Background

The Water Utilities Corporation laboratory is committed to providing customers with accurate and cost effective laboratory services that in turn meet and/or exceed the expectations and requirements of its growing list of valued and satisfied customers. Analyses are performed by a professional team of chemists, microbiologists and laboratory technicians trained in the use of state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation. The laboratory employees realize the need for high quality data and recognize the impact that such data has on the key decisions made by our diverse list of customers. Employees undergo thorough competency assessments and continuous training on laboratory techniques, methodology, quality assurance, sample handling, documentation and reporting requirements based on a laboratory quality management system.

The laboratory provides analysis of water and wastewater sample matrices using various analytical methodologies and instrumentation. To ensure quality, standards are maintained; the laboratory participates in proficiency testing schemes and is accredited by Southern African Development Community Accreditation Service in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025: General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. A comprehensive water quality database is maintained on a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).

The primary objective of laboratory’s quality management system is to produce quality data which is of known precision and accuracy which in turn ensures that such data can be relied on to represent the “true value” for a given sample. When extended to the field sampling process, the data accurately represents the larger volume from which the sample was originally taken.

 

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING

The main objectives of water quality monitoring are:

  1. qualitative and quantitative evaluation of water quality by continuous verification of the water quality correspondence to relevant regulatory standards (compliance to national drinking water specification, BOS 32 and wastewater standard, BOS 93)
  2. verification of observation of prescribed limits for water abstracted from the water body and discharge of polluting substances in wastewater.
  3. verification of efficiency of water treatment processes
  4. interpretation of long-term trends in the water pollution level fluctuations, and demonstration of attainment of prescribed water-protective goals
  5. provision for advanced warning about emergency pollution and overshooting prescribed limits.
  6. identification and evaluation of water quality problems, e.g. detection of toxic substances in surface and ground waters.

LABORATORY CAPACITY

The laboratory, located at the Mmamashia Water Treatment Works in Mmamashia, 1.8 km off Gaborone – Francistown A1 road, has 18 staff members currently performing laboratory analyses of:

General Chemistry

pH Alkalinity
Electrical Conductivity Turbidity
Total Dissolved Solids Total Phosphorus Color Total Orthophosphate
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Volatile Solids Chloride Total Suspended Solids
Fluoride Calcium and Total Hardness Ammonia Sulfate

Microbiological

Total coliforms Faecal streptococci
Escherichia coli Heterotrophic Plate Count
Faecal coliforms Clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium and Giardia
Legionella pneumophila
Vibrio cholera

Metals Analysis

Aluminum Magnesium
Cobalt Manganese
Cadmium Mercury
Calcium Nickel
Chromium Potassium
Copper Sodium
Iron Zinc
Lead  

Laboratory Equipment

The following equipment is available for the various analyses:

Equipment

pH meters Electrical Conductivity meters
Chlorine meters Turbidity meters
Photometers Autotitrators
Ion Chromatographs Mercury Analyser
ICP Optical Emission Spectrometer GC Mass Spectrometer

TESTING CHARGES

Laboratory Analyses Fees

The following costs have been calculated and established in alignment with the current regional market prices of laboratory analysis. The revised costs are intended to recover costs of routine laboratory reagents, capital investment on equipment, instrument maintenance costs and general laboratory overheads.

A. Individual Analysis Costs

ANALYTE COST (P) ANALYTE COST (P)
Alkalinity 57.30 Lead 40.00
Aluminium 40.00 Legionella pneumophila 51.00
Ammonium 40.00 Magnesium 40.00
Biological Oxygen Demand 76.90 Manganese 40.00
Bromide 61.05 Mercury 40.00
Cadmium 40.00 Nickel 40.00q
Calcium 40.00 Nitrate 61.05q
Calcium Hardness 57.60 Nitrite 61.05
Chemical Oxygen Demand 107.65 pH & Temperature 43.55
Chloride 61.05 Phosphate 61.05
Cobalt 40.00 Potassium 40.00
Conductivity & Total Dissolved Solids 43.60 Sodium 40.00
Chromium 40.00 Faecal streptococci 80.55
Clostridium perfringens 248.10 Sulphate 61.05
Copper 40.00 Total Chlorine 29.65
Cryptosporidium and Giardia 3 221.90 Total coliforms 117.40
Escherichia coli 117.40 Total Hardness 59.85
Faecal coliforms 79.00 Total Suspended Solids 173.21
Fluoride 61.05 Turbidity 38.25
Free Chlorine 29.65 Vibrio cholera 165.00
Heterotrophic Plate Count 322.00 Zinc 40.00
Iron 40.00 Algae 200.00

B. Group Costs

TYPE OF ANALYSIS PARAMETERS COST (P)
Drinking Water for human consumption pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, Escherichia coli, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, total coliforms, free chlorine, total chlorine, anions and metals. 1,566.40
Drinking water for livestock
and poultry
alkalinity, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, faecal coliforms, total coliforms, Heterotrophic Plate Count, anions and metals. 1,688.45
Water quality for irrigation pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, Escherichia coli, faecal coliforms, anions and metals. 1,390.15
Wastewater pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, faecal coliforms, total coliforms, ammonia, free chlorine, total chlorine, anions and metals. 1,637.65
New connections to existing WUC network Escherichia coli, free chlorine, total chlorine, total coliforms and turbidity 293.95
Treated Water Check Conductivity, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, turbidity, free chlorine and total chlorine 221.15